On Easter, Dating Memes and Dying – Part 2

So exactly a week ago, I wrote some thoughts on Easter and Dying. You can see that post here. I knew Easter was coming, and I felt writing a post was needed if only for the purpose of saying I wrote something. Today, being Easter Sunday, I don’t even know where to begin…

That last post was pathetic… so sad, and yet so true. I am tired, physically and emotionally. At times, I am sick with sadness. I’m on edge some days. It is also April, and I am a teacher LOL! But honestly, one cannot be a Christian for almost twenty years, and expect to continue living life with pink glasses. At some point, your life – your faith – will be tested. It will be tried, pruned, refined. You will encounter suffering. And I am not your pastor, so I am not going to elaborate on my theology of suffering. I am going to assume that when I write, you will follow along, or that at least, you will have enough interest to read your Bible, and find the context of what I am talking about. Also, I am going to be jumping a lot in my story telling, but my point is this: Death will die.

So get this: Fourteen days ago, I was home and I was completely exhausted. I was done. I did not have a good night sleep for two days in a row and when that happens, my brain doesn’t like it very much. Then I received a phone call by one of the few teenagers in my life that I love very much: my ex-boyfriend’s son. That takes me back to April 2024, when I was still living in my apartment (cause I just bought a house!) and I invited my upstairs neighbor to a school gala. I, to this day, will continue to maintain that it was never my intention to ask my neighbor on a date. I did want a date, in fact, I was on several dating apps at the time, but all the men I met through them, were a bunch of losers. And I am being sensitive, but there is no way that at age forty, you show up drunk to a date, or you just borrow four of my books, and then you never text me back again. What the hey – ThiEF!!

Honestly, how do people my age find good dates? Like, the ex-husband of my ex-husband’s wife just got married a couple months ago to a wonderful girl (my children’s stepsister told me) and I’m here like, “I am still processing and learning to enjoy being myself with the good and the bad and the ugly, and everybody already remarried except ME! LOL!”

So, back to the phone call. No, wait, the boyfriend. I invited my neighbor to this dinner with my school because all my dates were a bunch of losers, and I did not want to go alone. That’s the truth. My neighbor, for all I knew, was a serial killer, but I did not think so because I had previously talked to him on a couple of occasions. I found that he was a single dad with a boring life, just like mine. All he did, or all I saw him doing, was going out to workout early in the morning, and driving his children around to soccer or swimming. So I thought, “If this dude comes with me to the dinner, then that’s it. I have fun, he goes out. Good night.”

We never stopped talking after that night. He was incredible smart, a Renaissance man. I work at a Classical school, so of course, he was super interesting. I was delighted to hear him talk about Shakespeare, mostly because inside my own head, I was playing jokes to myself such as, “Remind me how in the world do we like this dude? He’s a poet, a musician and loves musicals! LOL!”

I LOVE MUSICALS!

My neighbor had a sweet, gentle smile. He loved cooking for his children. He pursued me to the death. He made me espressos every morning on my way to school, and baked banana bread for my children. He also wrote down his banana bread recipe for my coworkers, and to this day we still talk about it at my school. He had deep, blue eyes, and I stupidly fell in love with him. That was awesome for a variety of reasons LOL! One, life goes on. I actually had a heart. I realized I had a heart that could feel… so we dated for like four months, until one day he broke up with me.

We talked about getting married – it was serious. We were not dating without serious considerations. But at the same time, we were not “dating” officially. I mean, sure, we were holding hands, and going to the grocery store, and sucking face, but I knew better LOL!

I could not introduce this man to my family unless I knew he was a Christian. When I say my family, I mean my pastor and my congregation. My neighbor knew from the very beginning that this was my position. Unless he could articulate the gospel, and explain to me how he came to faith in Christ, and was willing to sit with me and study the 1689 LBCF, nothing was going to move forward. I forgot a key element in this story: He was Lutheran, from the ELCA. Women pastors and such… and if you know anything about me (either because you have read my blog or because you personally know me) you should be ROFL. This is the man I was willing to marry LOL!

He had great qualities, don’t get me wrong, but spiritually, I felt we were worlds apart. He talked to my pastor several times and my pastor advised him not to date me at all. At all. My pastor told him to pursue Christ, not me, but you see, I was irresistible LOL!

Oh, gosh! This is awesome. God is so good! You just keep reading…

The thing is my neighbor and I didn’t see the world the same way. We had different priorities. Mine was to be a wife and a mom. I wanted a husband to share life with, a husband to take care of. While I was working full-time now, and I knew I would not go back to be a SAHM, I did not have plans or have ever had plans to change the world in any astounding way, you know what I mean? My neighbor, on the other hand, wanted to “blast off on the rocket ship of his life” knowing his wife would be waiting home for him to refuel while being fulfilled and joyful. He told me he was not the man for me – over text. Over a 473- word text. SMH.

He was right in breaking up with me. I behaved in ways that were not healthy. There are two versions to every story, and his was that I had many insecurities. I did. My insecurities apparently took him to an unhealthy place, filled with ghosts from his past (his previous marriage). I wanted to be a teacher, raise my children and serve Christ. He wanted to get busier and busier as life went on. Do public service, politics. Save the world, I guess. My neighbor broke my heart because in a nutshell, he said, we were incompatible.

I hated that word: incompatibility. My marriage ended on that basis. We all know that was a whole load of crap, my ex-husband left because he loved his sin. However, to hear from my neighbor that we were incompatible was very painful, even though it was true. It was my own fault that I did not guard my heart, but it was still painful. I guess I was still wrongly assuming that when people hear/think/talk marriage, they hear/think/mean what I mean, but they don’t. That much was obvious in my relationship with my neighbor because I do agree I had insecurities.

Absolutely. I had red flags. He had red flags. I saw them all, but ultimately I was willing to work them out, but he didn’t. Now, that is his version.

My version is he got cold feet LOL! Or actually, Jesus was THE dealbreaker.

At some point, probably after a couple of months, our children already knew each other, and had interacted with one another over a whole blackout that lasted some days back in summer 2024? It was almost seamless, we didn’t force anything. Actually during one time that he wasn’t home, his youngest son came crying into my apartment telling me his oldest brother had been mean to him. Then I went upstairs with my Bible, and I began talking to this teenager, and he actually listened. My neighbor’s oldest son seemed to be really sensitive to Christ and since then we became close. I loved my neighbor’s sons. I loved them all, even the middle one LOL! I don’t think he ever liked me very much.

Sometimes I would read the Bible at night to his youngest son and my children, or I would read the Bible with his oldest son – I bought him a Bible with his name. Everything was going great, right? I cooked for them at times, I baked for them. He cooked for us at times. We were neighbors! We got to know each other really quick in the context of doing life in the same building. And I continued asking him to study the Word with me, but he never showed real desire or “thirst”. We needed (I needed) to see whether or not he was legitimately a believer. What was his understanding of the gospel? Where did he stand on baptism? He was raised a liberal Lutheran. We visited a Missouri Synod Lutheran Church once.

Several occasions he came to my church, and he told me he had never heard expository preaching. He had no idea you could actually read the Bible and study it. It was his understanding everything had to go through a priest/pastor (that sounded very Roman Catholic to me). In all good faith, I really tried to understand him. I knew I had been very judgmental in the past. But by now, as you can tell, I had already crossed a ton of boundaries. I was literally in love with a dude who probably was not even Christian, and even if he were, he was really new in the faith.

You ask me now, when hormones are not clouding my vision, he was not a Christian. He thought he was. He wanted to be. He was a goody goody, after all, he was a Boy Scout, and a son of a Boy Scout. And so, yeah, I began to behave in very obnoxious ways. Let me back up. I think the Lord was working in His heart – there was no doubt about that. But he was not there yet. I think some of my best friends at church saw that, and even my pastor saw that, and therefore, all wisdom said: DO NOT DATE HIM. You may continue to be friends with him, and continue to know him in all seasons, but even if he repents, gets baptized, and jumps through all the hoops you are putting in front him (and I was putting a lot of them), you cannot know if his conversion is real until after a while. At least a year or so. You don’t want him to come to church or do all these things for your sake, just to get YOU, Karla. You want him to be here for Christ. If he doesn’t love Christ, then you are destined to repeat the same mistake and be as miserable as you were in your first marriage.”

Did I listen? Of course, not. I disobeyed the Holy Spirit. I knew what I was doing, I wasn’t stupid, but as time progressed, I was getting more and more anxious – therefore what he calls “my anxieties and insecurities.” I just did not see the point of keep talking, hanging out, having dinners and planning a future if he was not going to find the time to sit down with me, and talk about the stuff people talk about so we would not have surprises later.

Like, let’s get to the real stuff now, and then, if we see we actually have a future, then we can date with ease, knowing all people on both sides are supporting us. It meant the world to me for my pastor and my congregation to like this guy, because I liked this guy! And it is not that they did not like the guy, it’s that they were not sure about the guy LOL! And it was out of love. As a church, we excommunicated my husband. My pastor saw me devastated. My church family had to listen to me over and over about my life, and about my ex-husband, and his new girlfriend and how she was pregnant before we were even divorced. I cried every Sunday for months…

All my church friends were willing to embrace a godly man if a godly, Christ-loving man were to pursue me, but my neighbor was not that man, and I knew it. And so, ultimately, my version is that God answered my prayer, and he got the neighbor out of my life because he indeed was not the man for me. I knew it after he told me once that between Sunday at church or his children’s sports, he was always going to choose sports. Ugh, and even then, I was so willing to compromise on my core beliefs for a duuuuude… What was wrong with me?! You know what was wrong with me? Christ was not seating in the altar of my heart. That’s what. It has taken me seven months to deal with this, but I finally understood it. I actually did**

My neighbor justified himself by putting the breakup on me, but I blame the breakup on Jesus. I am fine now, but it hurt. A lot. Mostly because he broke up with me. It was another rejection, you see? I should have never dated my neighbor, but I did, so the heartbreak was nothing but my fault. In a way, the breakup solidified the core belief that I was not good enough. Just like my husband had left, my neighbor also left.

Honestly, Jesus is the One who is always scaring them all away. It is not that I can’t get a date – it’s that all the “Christians” really need to read their Bibles more…

Ok, enough background.

MY EX-BOYFRIEND GOT BAPTIZED TODAY!!!!

WHAAAATTT!!!

YES! HE DID!

So the call. I started with a call.

Two weeks ago, I was going through a very, very hard personal time, and my neighbor’s son called me. He said that he wanted to share some news with me, and then he proceeded to just quickly tell me that he was going to be baptized today, and that the pastor of the church he had been attending asked him to invite the person who had had the most Christ-like influence on him, and he called me. That made me cry when I hung up.

Long story short, my neighbor apologized to me a couple times within the last two weeks. It was the same text, he just sent it twice after I ignored it. We did not end up in good terms seven months ago. I was rude, he was rude. I was probably more rude. Anyway, he said he had reconciled with God, but not with me, and that I was the child of God who reached out to him in his solitude, and that he never honored me for the many blessings I had brought into his life, and the lives of his children. When I read all of that, I was like, “BARF!”

I ignored the texts, alright? I was mad. Reading that reminded me of his breakup text. Dude is a writer. He has perfect grammar on his texts. Anyway, I ignored the texts. I texted him last night, however, since I never heard confirmation on the baptism. Since I was actually replying, he texted me the same text he had texted me twice already. He said he had texted it, but he never heard from me.

“Of course not. I purposely ignored your texts because you could have apologized to my face just the same way you should have broken up with me – to my face. Twenty steps, dude. You could have gone downstairs, knocked on my door, and told me we were done.”

This is happening the night before Easter. Last night. I am a sinner. I know you all know that. Ok. So now he knows my number is correct, and he texted me his apology for the third time. I know him. He was never a texter. He probably wants to hear, “I forgive you.”

UGH. Then I began arguing in my own head with the Lord, “How is it possible that I already made the peace with Emerson, like for real. After some conversations, he truly offered me what I consider his first sincere apology in two years, and I, in tears, said, ‘I forgive you’ from the heart, but I cannot possibly let go of this stupid idiot? Like, the husband who cheated on me, off the hook. Forgiven. And it hurts. Forgiveness always means pain in one way or the other, but it is in the past. I even like his baby, and play with his baby. But I cannot make myself type, ‘I forgive you’ to my ex-boyfriend?”

Then I continued, “Look. Resurrection Sunday is tomorrow. How can I possibly not forgive someone who hurt me after you have forgiven me more than that? I don’t feel it, okay? But fine, I need to let go. He wants to hear that I forgive him, fine. ‘I am happy to hear you made peace with God through Christ. Thank you for you message. I forgive you, [NAME]. I will see you tomorrow at the baptism.”

So I walked today into their church, and out of the blue, here they come. My neighbor sees me, and when I offered my hand to shake, he totally embraces me, and I don’t know what to do. He hugged me with a very sincere hug, and suddenly all my anger goes away. You know why? Because he had shaved. His beard and his mustache, particularly his mustache, was a very integral part of his identity. He never would have shaved, but now he has no hair, at all, mainly cause he’s bald LOL! but also no beard, and no mustache. He was also wearing a shirt and shorts.

I did not really hug him back. I think I actually pushed him away gently, but I did hug his youngest son whose freckles I loved. Then I said hi to the middle one, I gave him a hug, and I totally embraced his oldest son who was getting baptized. Then it hit me. My neighbor is being baptized too.

I went on my way and sat down. I was right there today, Easter Sunday 2025, three feet away watching my neighbor (and ex-boyfriend LOL!) being obedient to Christ, and getting baptized. And if you had seen his face and his smile when he was listening to the pastor… he went down and up. When he got out of the baptistry, he looked at me with his gentle smile, and I hugged him this time. We watched his son being baptized, and then they left to change clothes. His son later came and sat down with me, and we listened to the whole sermon together. I was not able to say goodbye to my neighbor because I had to go to my own church home to teach Children’s Church, but he did text me and thanked me for being there this morning.

I did not feel like forgiving him last night when I replied, but I knew I had to obey Christ. And this morning when I saw his deep blue eyes and realized he was getting baptized too, I realized he meant the apology. He had to mean it. And I forgave him from the heart. How could I not? I pray he continues walking closely with Christ and therefore make his calling and election sure, but it is a big deal for a person who was baptized as an infant to make the decision to be baptized as an adult. I am so happy for him and for his son. I hope both of them could be a guide to the other children in the family who are still to believe in Christ.

Now to the meat of my post, which believe it or not, we are just getting to: I have been contemplating my death lately. Again, I am not dying nor do I want to die, but I will die one day. I have to make a will and put up a trust and God knows what else. I have a mortgage now, who’s paying my house when I’m gone? I cannot leave the debt to my children. I need to make a list of bank accounts and stuff so that someone can take care of things when I’m gone, so my children can mourn me.

You know all of those things that I was scared of if my husband were to die, well, he did not die. He divorced me LOL! Now I need to take care of things for others so they don’t have to worry. I don’t think they are worried, my children, but when I’m gone, I will be gone. I will be with the Lord and who cares! But I don’t want them to not know what to do. I also need to buy a place to be buried. People should not be dealing with these things in the moment. And all these things require money, and I need to make more money. And on and on we go… the Lord will provide. There’s a cemetery literally behind my neighborhood. You can walk from here. I will call them soon.

My point is today at this other church where the baptism happened, the pastor said that when you have Christ, really there is nothing to fear. Death? Why should you fear death? The sting of death is gone. Really the only power death has over a soul is hell – punishment. There is one birth and two deaths: The natural death of decay that all of us will suffer due to sin, and then eternal death, apart from Christ. But when we have Christ in us, two births, the natural and the spiritual (only because of his mercy, He made us alive) then there is only one death. It is like falling asleep.

I have always being afraid of losing others. Losing my husband. Losing a child. I lost my husband. I lost a baby. The last five years of my life have been nothing but loss. And death lurks and death whispers as if it is winning, and today, watching my ex-boyfriend being baptized reminded me once again that God is God and I am not. God has a perfect timing for all He does, and He is never late. I think He is late. I wanted to rush my neighbor, but God was and is in control of my neighbor’s heart, not me.

In the same way, this pastor also said that the sufferings of this life are only temporary, and it sounded like he said it so casually. It was a fast sermon, it was only like thirty minutes, and for it to be so short and so packed with Scripture like it was, I was honestly impressed. I clearly heard the gospel, but for someone who is going though dark seasons of life, it could sound a little bit careless. But I was glad that I heard that because it reminded me of the tomb. The tomb is empty. Yes, the people I love will die one day. I will die one day. For all I know, I die after posting this. What matters now is whether or not that person who we deeply love knows Christ. If they do, then all will be well – in time. If they don’t know Christ, then they will be separated from the love of God forever, and we will never be able to fellowship with them again.

I left the church encouraged knowing that as long as it depends on me, I will always preach Christ to those around me. And I pray that God opens their eyes. I mean, you never know, my neighbor and his son got baptized!

How good and merciful God is, is He not?!

** I wish I could write more about my single life. Maybe on another post. I do want to say I am very glad that God not only allowed, but ordained my divorce. He also ordained my marriage. I love my ex-husband. I always will. I told him the other day I will never be able to hate him because he is the father of my children. I have no romantic feelings for him, none whatsoever. Brother, eww. But I love him. I also told him he has a cute baby.

After my neighbor broke up with me I was totally depressed for about a month. I had to deal with a lot of emotions, plus life got complicated on other levels, which is exactly why I was so sad when I received the call from my neighbor’s son. But I have dealt with some of my main issues in relationships. I understand and actually believe now that my husband “not choosing me” or even my neighbor leaving was not a me problem, but a them problem.

I know I have issues. Who doesn’t? What I want is peace. I want to be loved and accepted and cherished for who I am. I do not want to morph into being what others want me to be, or the version of me I think they would like. I want to be me. I like being me. Sometimes I don’t. But for the most part I do. I am smart. I am capable. I am funny. I am good at making memes. I am a great – a GREAT – Math teacher. I am kind, I have the patience of ten old grandmas. I am a great cook and a great baker. I am sweet, and I am spontaneous. I am also a hot mess, and that’s exactly why I blog the way that I blog. If men cannot see that I have wonderful qualities to offer in a relationship, it sucks, but it’s on them.

I deleted all the dating apps. Every time I come home, whether my dishes are on the sink or in the dishwasher, it’s okay. I feel peace. If I haven’t folded the laundry, I am at peace. I am happy being single. This may be selfish or maybe I have made it: I don’t want to date anyone, not even one. I don’t have time! I am busy. I have my children who demand all my attention. I love Christ and Christ has been everything for me. Literally. He has been EVERYTHING for me.

He has provided for me. He has protected me. He has cherished me. He has shown me time and time again, that He is the only One who loves me. He made me. He gave himself for me. All this time, I had missed a very important lesson in all this grieving. I was grieving the marriage I had and I lost, but also the husband I wanted and I never had. A husband who loved Christ. That’s the point of marriage – Christ and His Church. But even happy marriages, the best of marriages, fail to portray perfectly that image. Sin is still here. The real marriage, the one all marriages point toward, is the Marriage Supper of the Lamb. That’s the real thing. Even sex points to that intimacy that Christ has with His people. In eternity, my husband here is not going to be my husband there. That relationship will cease. It is not about having a husband here. It is about Christ. Always. I do feel lonely at times. But even then, Christ comforts me. I have seen the goodness of God in Christ towards me in the most difficult times in my life, and it feels horrible at times, but today I know Christ in ways I wouldn’t have known Him had I not gone through the trials He has set for me. He knows exactly what each of us need.

I wish I had more time, but I don’t. I need to finish this so I can post it.

I am content in my singleness. Really content. That’s all.

On Easter and Dying

I am only 42 years old, but I am looking forward to dying. I am in no way implying I want to die or that I would ever attempt to take my life. I am only asserting and assenting to what I know to be true through biblical revelation and personal experience: this world is sick with sin. I am looking forward to meet my Savior one day, and when I see Him, I know all the suffering of this life would have been worth it.

It is providential that God has allowed me to interact with some students who out of the blue have interest in the Bible. These are ten year-old boys. Here I was thinking my days of preaching the gospel were gone. After all, I am a single mom and I have a full time job. I really can’t spend all my time “ministering” to the needs of others. For the last two years, I have put my head down to the plough. I know I need to work and make a living. I also know my Christian duty is to love God and others, but how exactly can you love others while teaching Math to 5th grade students? Like yes, I get it. I can glorify God through my gifts, but it is not like teaching fractions leads to conversations about spiritual things on a regular basis. You know what I mean?

I have just lived life. That is all I do. But recently, a boy began asking me questions about Jesus. He is faithfully reading his Bible every day, and as far as I know, he wants to understand who this Jesus is. Was I supposed to say, “I am sorry, but this is beyond my pay grade? I cannot and will not talk to you about Christ for fear of losing my job because this is a public school?”

Of course not. I engaged him. And then other boys came. I told those boys to walk away, I was talking to this one particular boy about the Bible, about a question this boy had. But the other three boys said, “We want to know, too. We want to be part of this Bible study.”

“No. This is not a Bible study. I am just explaining the sacrifices in the Old Testament and how Jesus is THE High Priest, the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world. This is not a Bible Study.”

I have been so busy with life, with pain, with sorrow, with STAAR testing… so very busy, I even forgot I had a miscarriage four years ago. I forgot. I literally forgot. And that was good. It was good because it means I was not anticipating the day, or dreading the date. It is good because it means that life goes on and that there are other challenges ahead. Life does not stop and life is worth living – regardless of the pain one goes through. Only God can make life worth living. It is good because even though I lost a baby, God has been good to me. It is good because now, even though there are other challenges, I am not dead.

My Shepherd is preparing a table for me in the presence of my enemies. Even though He makes me walk through the valley of the shadow of death, He walks with me. I am not alone. Sometimes I do feel alone, but I am not. There are people who love me and care for me.

My Savior lives.

White-Qadhi Dialogue

I hope you find these videos interesting: Dialogue 1, Dialogue 2

We – Muslims and Christians – need to learn to dialogue like this.

 

What if the copies were corrupted?

I think I’ve written on this subject before, but why not to keep on writing? This post was originally written here.


Suppose you own a Bible, but it’s translated in a style that’s difficult to understand. Or maybe your Bible has simply worn out from years of usage. If so, you can easily walk into any Christian bookstore and pick up a different version of the Bible.

The earliest Christians couldn’t do that.

There was no “Polycarp Standard Version” or “Saint James Study Bible with Limited Edition Camel-Knee Binding” on anyone’s bookshelf, and there were no printing presses or photocopy machines. Early Christians read the Scriptures from codexes and scrolls. These copies of the Scriptures were hand-written from whatever manuscripts the copyists happened to possess when a copy was needed. And so, it was crucial for copyists to reproduce these texts accurately.

But did they? What if the copies of the New Testament were corrupted over the centuries?

Certain skeptics give the impression that ancient copyists changed the biblical texts in ways that ought to worry Christians today (this is certainly the case with Muslims).

Here’s how Bart Erhman describes the status of the New Testament manuscripts:

Not only do we not have the originals [of the Greek manuscripts of the New Testament], we don’t have the first copies of the originals.… What we have are copies made later—much later. … These copies differ from one another in so many places that we don’t even know how many differences there are. … Christianity … is a textually oriented religion whose texts have been changed, surviving only in copies that vary from one another, sometimes in highly significant ways.[1]

Such statements suggest that the process of copying the Scriptures worked something like the Telephone Game (much like skeptics have depicted the oral histories you learned about in a previous chapter). In the Telephone game, of course, you might start with “I like pepperoni pizza” but end up with “Don’t let the purple aliens build pyramids when the zombies attack.”

Could it be that the verses in the New Testament have been similarly corrupted by careless copyists? If so, even if the original New Testament texts told the truth, how can we be sure that what we read in the New Testament today is true, since it may have changed over the centuries? Has the message of Jesus been lost in transmission?

Truth be told, the skeptics’ claims are overblown. The New Testament has not changed significantly over the centuries, and nothing essential to the message of Jesus has been lost in transmission.[2] In the first place, manuscripts weren’t copied a single time and then tossed aside, like the individual sentences whispered around the circle in a Telephone Game. Manuscripts were kept, repeatedly copied, and sometimes used to check later copies.

What’s more, textual critics today don’t start with the manuscripts left over at the end of the copying process, like the last sentence uttered in the Telephone Game. The Greek text that stands behind today’s New Testament is the result of careful reconstruction using the earliest surviving manuscripts, not a few leftovers at the end!

So, yes, copyists made mistakes, and some copyists even altered texts. And yet, such lapses were relatively rare. Copyists worked hard to keep their copies correct and, for the most part, they got it right. Even when they didn’t get it right, most of their mistakes were mere misspellings or slips of the pen—variants that are easy to spot and easily corrected. When it comes to more difficult variants, so many manuscripts and fragments of the New Testament have survived that scholars can almost always reconstruct the original reading of the text. In those few instances where uncertainty about the right reading remains, none of the possibilities changes anything that Christians believe about God or about his work in the world.

So did copyists make changes in the manuscripts? Of course they did!

The copyists were human beings, and being human means making mistakes. Since God chose not to override their humanity as they copied the New Testament, these human beings were every bit as prone to short attention spans, poor eyesight, and fatigue as you or me. They had no eyeglasses or contact lenses to sharpen their vision, and they relied on the flickering light of lamps to see.

Since God did not “re-inspire” the text each time it was reproduced, sometimes the copyists miscopied their sources. Once in a while, they even tried to fix things that weren’t broken by changing words that they thought a heretic might misconstrue.[3] The result is hundreds of thousands of copying variants scattered among the New Testament manuscripts.

One popular skeptic’s much-repeated soundbite is that “there are more variations among our manuscripts than there are words in the New Testament”; this statement is technically true but—unless his listeners are aware of the vast number of New Testament manuscripts that survive today—it’s also a bit misleading.[4]

There are around 138,000 words in the Greek New Testament, and hundreds of thousands of variants can be found scattered among the Greek manuscripts— but that number of variants comes from adding up every difference in every surviving manuscript from the Greek New Testament.[5] Well over 5,000 Greek New Testament manuscripts have been preserved as a whole or in part—more than any other text from the ancient world![6] With so many surviving manuscripts, it doesn’t take long for the number of variants to exceed the number of words in the Greek New Testament.

If only one manuscript of the New Testament had survived, there would have been zero variants (and this single manuscript would probably have become an idol to which people would make pilgrimages today!). But early Christians believed that all of God’s Word should be accessible to all of God’s people. And so, every church seemed to have possessed its own codexes of apostolic texts—and that’s why more than 5,000 whole or partial manuscripts survive today.

Spread across millions and millions of words in more than 5,000 manuscripts, the variations represent a small percentage of the total text. According to one scholar, the New Testament text is 92.6% stable.[7] In other words, all these differences affect less than 8% of the New Testament text! What’s more, the overwhelming majority of these differences have to do with words that are misspelled or rearranged—differences that have no impact on the translation or meaning of the text.[8]

What this means practically is that the text of the New Testament has been sufficiently preserved for us to recover the words that God intended and inspired. What’s more, several portions of the New Testament survive from the second century—a century or less after the time when God first inspired eyewitnesses of the risen Lord to write!

The New Testament is, in fact, the best preserved text from the ancient world. Greek scholar D.A. Carson sums up the issue in this way: “The purity of text is of such a substantial nature that nothing we believe to be true, and nothing we are commanded to do, is in any way jeopardized by the variants.”[9]

____________

Portions of this blog post were contributed by Elijah Hixson. 


 

We know (if you are familiar with what the Muslims claim) that every single book in antiquity has been corrupted. By corruption, I mean that people used to keep on copying the manuscripts, and therefore some errors happened. This is certainly the case with the New Testament. There was never an intention to control the text (check out the debate about the Quran with James White that I posted below). The text needed to get out of Jerusalem so that everybody knew what had happened.

Every single person had a different book (either the letter to the Romans, or to the Corinthians) and they made a copy for themselves or for their family. Nobody was trying to alter them on purpose. It is impossible to think that people would get so victorious at changing the doctrines in the New Testament so perfectly, at the same time – without even being organized. The New Testament Manuscript tradition has thousand and thousands of manuscripts.

The Muslim claim is that the Quran we have now has always been the same ever since Gabriel dictated it to Muhammad. But if we are to apply the same standard – not a double standard – on how we treat the Quran and the New Testament, then the Quran is also corrupt. And if it is corrupted – just like any book of antiquity is – then the doctrine of perfect preservation of the Quran is false. That would mean… many things, I guess. No eternal tablets in heaven, no assurance of what Muhammad and his companions wrote down were actually Allah’s words. No hope that Allah’s language is Arabic or that Islam is the religion that pleases Allah or actually true… The Quran is just another book.

If the perfect preservation of the Quran fails… how can Islam survive? Listen to the questions White raises. Where are the manuscripts of the Quran? There are variations in the text of the Quran? How do you know what the original said? Muslims say there are 450 thousand Quran manuscripts. Fine. Where are they? We want to see the list. We can give you all the list of the New Testament manuscripts, and you can go online and find the entire catalog right now. Where is that for the Quran?

Is the Quran reliable? White vs Ismail

Is the Bible reliable? White vs Ismail

Is the Quran perfectly preserved? Part 1

Is the Quran perfectly preserved? Part 2 

You might also want to read Dr. James White’s What every Christian needs to know about the Quran. It’s very a well documented research on the history of how the Quran came to be from the main Islamic sources. But if you watch the top two debates, I’m sure you’ll get the idea.


[1] Bart Ehrman, Misquoting Jesus (New York: HarperSanFrancisco, 2005), 7, 10–11, 69, 132, 208.

[2] See also Daniel B. Wallace, “Lost in Transmission,” Revisiting the Corruption of the New Testament (Grand Rapids: Kregel, 2011), 31–33; Darrell Bock, (Nashville: Nelson, 2010), 71.

[3] See Bart Ehrman’s scholarly work The Orthodox Corruption of Scripture (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993). In those relatively few instances where the text has been intentionally altered, it was not primarily heretics altering New Testament texts to fit their beliefs; it was often the orthodox altering texts for the perceived purpose of preventing misuse of the text by heretics. While one may take issue with some of Ehrman’s specific applications, his overall case is well-argued.

[4] Ehrman, Misquoting Jesus, 90.

[5] Ehrman (Misquoting Jesus, 89) places the high end of his estimate at 400,000. Careful statistical analysis by Peter Gurry has resulted in an estimate between 500,000 and 550,000, not including misspellings (“Demanding a Recount,” presentation, Evangelical Theological Society, 2014).

[6] The listing in 2003 included a total of 5,735 manuscripts of the Greek New Testament represented in whole or in part (Bruce Metzger and Bart Ehrman, The Text of the New Testament 4th ed. [New York: Oxford University Press, 2005], 50).

[7] K. Martin Heide, “Assessing the Stability of the Transmitted Texts of the New Testament and The Shepherd of Hermas,” The Reliability of the New Testament, ed. Robert Stewart (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2011), 138. This percentage coheres well with the seven percent figure for variants suggested by Paul Wegner, A Student’s Guide to Textual Criticism of the Bible (Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2006), 231.

[8] Wallace, “Lost in Transmission,” 20–21.

Erhman speaks against the Quran

Jesus and the Historical Method – Part 7

Last time, we discussed the eyewitness testimony for Jesus by demonstrating the validity of the Gospel records. Such an endeavor was important to establish particular witnesses found within the Gospel accounts. We have seen that one holds good reasons for accepting that the apostle Matthew had, at least in part, a hand in the writing of the First Gospel; that John Mark wrote down the information found in the Second Gospel; that the physician and co-hort of Paul—Luke—wrote the third Gospel; and that the apostle John wrote the Fourth Gospel. But, how does this influence the eyewitness testimony that one holds for Jesus of Nazareth?

The Testimony of Peter

As noted last week, Irenaeus notes that “Matthew also issued a written Gospel among the Hebrews in their own dialect, while Peter and Paul were preaching at Rome, and laying the foundations of the Church. After their departure, Mark, the disciple and interpreter of Peter, did also hand down to us in writing what had been preached by Peter.”[1] Thus, the church unanimously accepted that John Mark recorded the testimony of one Simon Peter.

The Gospel of Mark does focus quite a bit on the life of Simon Peter. Of the information in Matthew’s Gospel believed to have been taken from Mark, the majority of the shared material deals with the life of Simon Peter. Thus, the believer has essentially the eyewitness testimony from one of the inner circle disciples—Simon Peter.

The Testimony of John

Last time, we noted that despite the skepticism of some modern scholars, the majority of internal and external evidence for the Fourth Gospel demonstrate that the apostle John wrote the text. It has always amazed me how one misses John’s imprint in the Fourth Gospel. In John 21:1-2, the writer lists Jesus’ appearance to seven disciples “Simon Peter, Thomas (called the Twin), Nathanael of Cana in Galilee, the sons of Zebedee, and two others of his disciples were together” (John 21:1-2).[2] It is interesting that John the son of Zebedee is never explicitly listed, but rather this “disciple who Jesus loved” (John 21:7). It was Peter and this mysterious disciple who traveled to the tomb of Jesus. Who else would one imagine accompanying Peter to the tomb other than John the apostle? In fact, John the apostle is linked to being the caretaker of Jesus’ mother after Jesus’ death by the early church fathers.

Among the writings of the early church fathers, there is a letter written by Ignatius to John the apostle. These writings are normally attributed to the late first-century. Nevertheless, Ignatius writes, There are also many of our women here, who are desirous to see Mary [the mother] of Jesus, and wish day by day to run off from us to you, that they may meet with her, and touch those breasts of hers which nourished the Lord Jesus, and may inquire of her respecting some rather secret matters.”[3]

Even if the letter is spurious, it demonstrates the early acceptance of the idea that John the apostle assumed the role of caretaker of Mary, the mother of Jesus. This mysterious disciple whom Jesus loved is also linked with being the caretaker of Mary, the mother of Jesus in the Fourth Gospel (John 19:26-27). Then, the Gospel states as a postscript, “This is the disciple who is bearing witness about these things, and who has written these things, and we know his testimony is true” (John 21:24). What this tells us is that we have another witness by an inner circle disciple. Even if John was written by a disciple of the apostle, we would still have eyewitness testimony about Jesus since the apostolic witness would have been recorded.

The Testimony of Matthew

As we noted last week, good reasons exist to hold the apostle Matthew as the author of at least part of the First Gospel. It seems quite odd that the early church would choose Matthew, a tax-collector, as the author of the First Gospel if it were in fact not based upon truth. I could provide further reasons for holding Matthean authorship. But suffice it to say, that if one accepts the apostle Matthew as the writer of the First Gospel, then one has another apostolic eyewitness for Jesus of Nazareth.

The Testimony of the Early Church

We have already noted the existence of pre-New Testament material in the letters of Paul and, some would say, in the Gospels. This is particularly the case in Luke’s Gospel where Luke notes that he used the testimony of those “who from the beginning were eyewitnesses and ministers of the word [who] have delivered them to us” (Luke 1:2). Thus, in Luke’s Gospel, one will find a panoply of eyewitness testimonies from various individuals used by Luke to construct his Gospel account.

The Testimony of Mary the Mother of Jesus

The first few chapters of Luke’s Gospel relays information pertaining to the birth of Jesus and the experiences that Mary, the mother of Jesus had before Jesus’ birth. Robert Stein states that It is clear from the first chapter of Matthew as well as the traditional nature of the material in Luke 1–2 that Luke did not create all this material.”[4]

Luke records the Magnificat (Mary’s Song of Praise) in Luke 1:46-55. In addition, the Evangelist records particularly intimate details about Mary such as the time when Mary “treasured up all these things, pondering them in her heart” (Luke 2:19). Since this material is not original to Luke, and since pagan myths do not account for the inclusion,[5] it seems to me that the most likely explanation is that Luke received the eyewitness testimony of Mary, the mother of Jesus for the beginning of his Gospel.

Thus, I would argue that one has the eyewitness testimony of Mary in Luke’s Gospel, which further adds to the testimony found within the Gospel narratives.

Conclusion

Undoubtedly, there are many more witnesses than those presented in this article. Nevertheless, one may still remain skeptical. It is quite apparent that not everyone will accept all of my conclusions in this article. But let it be said that even if one does not accept the evidence listed in this section of our presentation, one still must accept the early eyewitness testimony found in the pre-New Testament creeds and formulations.

Therefore, when coupled with the Gospel accounts, the eyewitness testimony for Jesus of Nazareth is quite good. Jesus of Nazareth passes the eyewitness testimony examination of the historical method.

Our investigation is not quite yet complete. Next time, we will examine two other areas of historical research offered by New Testament scholar Michael Licona. Thus far, Jesus of Nazareth has withstood the scrutiny of the historical method. Will he continue to remain standing after these final two areas of research?

Bibliography

Ignatius of Antioch. “The Epistle of Ignatius to St. John the Apostle.” In The Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus. The Ante-Nicene Fathers. Edited by Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, and A. Cleveland Coxe. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Company, 1885.

Irenaeus of Lyons. “Irenæus against Heresies.” In The Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus. The Ante-Nicene Fathers. Volume 1. Edited by Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, and A. Cleveland Coxe. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Company, 1885.

Stein, Robert H. Luke. The New American Commentary. Volume 24. Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992.

Notes

[1] Irenaeus of Lyons, “Irenæus against Heresies,” in The Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus, ed. Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, and A. Cleveland Coxe, vol. 1, The Ante-Nicene Fathers (Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Company, 1885), 414.

[2] Unless otherwise noted, all Scripture comes from the English Standard Version (Wheaton: Crossway, 2001).

[3] Ignatius of Antioch, “The Epistle of Ignatius to St. John the Apostle,” in The Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus, ed. Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, and A. Cleveland Coxe, vol. 1, The Ante-Nicene Fathers (Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Company, 1885), 124.

[4] Robert H. Stein, Luke, vol. 24, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1992), 81.

[5] See Stein, Luke, NAC, 81.

Jesus – Son of Man, Son of God, Son of David

When it comes to messianic expectations at the time of Jesus, Christians can be unaware that other names were used to describe the messianic person other than the “Messiah.”

Two of these names are “Son of God” and “Son of Man.”

The “Son of Man” (bar nash, or bar nasha) expression is seen in Jesus’ earthly ministry (Mk. 2:10,28; 10:45; Matt. 13:37). But even in His earthly ministry, Jesus speaks of His authority on earth because the Son of Man has received his authority from God in heaven (as depicted in Dan. 7:9–14). For example, Jesus says to the scribes who question His presumption in declaring the paralyzed man’s sins forgiven: “… that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins” (Mk. 2:10). 1

Having received His authority from heaven, Jesus now exercises it in His ministry on earth. Even authoritative claims such as, “the Son of Man is lord even of the Sabbath” (Mk 2:28) would cause a Jewish hearer to remember that God is the only one who commanded his people to respect it (Exod. 20:8–11).2 While Son of Man is used to refer to the the suffering, death, and and resurrection of Jesus (Mk. 8:31;9:31;10:33), it also refers to eschatological judgment (Matt. 25:31-36; Mk.14:60-65).

Jesus spoke of this function in the following texts:

When the Son of Man comes in His glory, and all the angels with him, then He will sit on his glorious throne. Before Him will be gathered all the nations , and He will separate them one from another as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats, and He will place the sheep at his right hand, but the goats at the left. Then the King will say to those at his right hand, ‘Come, O blessed of my Father , inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world…’ Then He will say to those at his left hand, ‘Depart from me, you cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels….’ And they will go away into eternal punishment, but the righteous into eternal life (Matt. 25: 31-36).

You, who have persevered with me in my tribulations, when the Son of Man sits upon his glorious throne will also sit upon thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel (cf. Matt. 19: 28; Lk. 22: 28-30).

One of the most pertinent issues is Jesus’ use of Son of Man in the trial scene in Mark 14.

We DO NOT want to minimize why Jesus earned the charge of blasphemy here.

According to Jewish law, the claim to be the Messiah was not a criminal or capital offense. If this is true, why was Jesus accused of blasphemy? Jesus affirmed the chief priest’s question that He was not only the Messiah but also the Coming Son of Man who would judge the world and would sit at the right hand of God.

This was considered a claim to deity since the eschatological authority of judgment was for God alone. Hence, Jesus provoked the indignation of his opponents because of His application of Daniel 7:13-14, and Psalm 110:1 to Himself. Let’s look at Daniel 7:13-14

I saw in the night visions, and behold, with the clouds of heaven there came one like a Son of Man, and He came to the Ancient of Days and was presented before Him. And to Him was given dominion and glory and a kingdom, that all peoples, nations, and languages should serve him; his dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, and his kingdom one that shall not be destroyed.

In this text, the figure is given a rule over God’s kingdom. All people groups are seen as seen as serving and worshiping this figure. Yet, in some sense the figure is divine yet in human form who is a second divine figure who reigns alongside the Ancient of Days (the term for God in the text).

Son of God and Son of David

When it comes to the question as to whether Jesus is the Messiah, both Christians and Jewish people agree that the Messiah has to be a descendant of David. The area of disagreement is when Christians make the claim that Jesus is the divine, Son of God. What Christians tend to forget is that when Jewish people think of the Davidic King as the Son of God, it has very little to do with thinking the Son of God is the second person of the Trinity.

In other words, at the time of Jesus, “Son of God” didn’t necessarily denote divinity. Even though divine sonship appears in the Jewish Scriptures with regards to persons or people groups such as angels (Gen 6:2; Job 1:6; Dan 3:25), and Israel (Ex. 4:22-23; Hos 11;1; Mal. 2:10), the category that has special importance to the Son of God issue is the Davidic king. While God promised that Israel would have an earthly king (Gen. 17: 6; 49:6; Deut.17: 14-15), he also promised David that one of his descendants would rule on his throne forever (2 Sam.7:12-17; 1 Chr.17:7-15). In other words, David’s line would eventually reach it’s climax in the birth of a person who would guarantee David’s dynasty, and throne forever.

In Psalm 2 which is a coronation hymn, (similar to 2 Kings 11:12) is the moment of the king’s crowning. God tells the person to whom He is speaking that He is turning over the dominion and the authority of the entire world to Him (v 8). While David did have conquest of all the nations at that time, (Edom, Moab, Ammon, Philistia, Amalek, etc-1 Chron. 14:17; 18:11) in Psalm 2, one day God will subjugate all the nations to the rule of the Davidic throne.3

In Psalm 89, the Davidic King is elevated over the rivers and seas (v.24- 25) and is the most exalted ruler on earth (v. 27). He also will be the “firstborn” and enjoy the highest rank among all earthly kings. In Psalm 110, the Davidic King is invited to sit at God’s “right hand” (vs.1) and his called called “lord” (vs.1) and called a “priest” after the pattern of Melchizedek.

Keeping this in mind, let’s look at Romans 1:1-5

Paul, a bond-servant of Christ Jesus, called as an apostle, set apart for the gospel of God, which He promised beforehand through His prophets in the holy Scriptures, concerning His Son, who was born of a descendant of David according to the flesh, who was declared the Son of God with power by the resurrection from the dead, according to the Spirit of holiness, Jesus Christ our Lord, through whom we have received grace and apostleship to bring about the obedience of faith among all the Gentiles for His name’s sake, among whom you also are the called of Jesus Christ; to all who are beloved of God in Rome, called as saints:Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.”

In this text, Paul says through the resurrection, Jesus is installed (by God) as the Son of God (Rom. 1:4). Paul is not saying Jesus is being appointed as The Son of God is a change in Jesus’ essence. Thus, Jesus is “designated” or “declared” as the Son of God, the Lord—the anti-type of the previous “sons” in the Old Testament (Adam, David, Israel).”4 Paul’s goes on to reference Jesus as the incarnate Son who dies and is raised from the dead (see Rom. 5:10; 8:3, 29, 32; Gal. 1:16; 4:4–6; Col. 1:13; 1 Thess. 1:10).

To summarize, Jesus did consider Himself to be both the unique Son of God and the Son of Man. When we understand the cultural context of these names for the Messiah, it becomes evident that Jesus is both divine and human. Because of this, He is the only one who can provide both atonement for our sins as well as a covenantal relationship with God through his death and resurrection.

REMEMBER THIS WHEN YOUR MUSLIM FRIENDS TELL YOU JESUS NEVER CLAIM TO BE DIVINE, OR THAT THE NEW TESTAMENT NEVER PORTRAYS JESUS AS GOD.


1.Craig A Evans, From Jesus to the Church: The First Christian Generation (Louisville, Westminster John Knox Press, 2014), 49.

2.Ibid.

3. Herbert W. Bateman IV, Darrell L. Bock, and Gordon H. Johnston, Jesus the Messiah: Tracing The Promises, Expectations, And Coming of Israel’s King ( Grand Rapids: Kregel Academic, 2012), 80.

4. C.W Morgan and R.A. Peterson, Theology in Community: The Deity of Christ(Wheaten: Crossway, 2011), 119.

Jesus and the historical Method – Part 4

This fourth article confronts an issue that many skeptics present concerning one’s knowledge of the historical Jesus: early testimony.

Early testimony is important because the closer a text is to the events that it describes, the more reliable the testimony. Longer spans of time allows for the introduction of legendary material (i.e Muhammad’s version of what happened to Jesus). Early testimony allows for correction among historical records and other eyewitnesses who can corroborate or deny the details presented by a text (Muhammad lived 600 years after Jesus – he was not an eye witness).

Some people are skeptical to the dating of some New Testament texts. Part of this skepticism stems from extreme liberal beliefs concerning the biblical texts originating from textual criticism gone wild. However, unbeknownst to many, such skepticism is far from unanimous in biblical scholarship. In fact, the scholarly world is coming to the understanding that the texts of the New Testament may be much earlier than previously anticipated. In fact, two radical scholars, John A. T. Robinson and W. F. Albright, have accepted an early dating for the New Testament writings.

Albright noted that “We can already say emphatically that there is no long any basis for dating any book of the New Testament after about A.D. 80, two full generations before the date between 130 and 150 given by the more radical New Testament critics of today.”[1]

This article will not address every early document that we have pertaining to Jesus of Nazareth. Rather, this article will examine some of the earliest testimonies we have pertaining to Jesus of Nazareth. We will begin with, perhaps, the most important testimony we possess.

Pre-New Testament Traditions

Throughout the New Testament, one finds early Christian documentations that predate the New Testament writings. These documentations date to the earliest times of the church.

Habermas notes that “It is crucially important that this information is very close to the actual events, and therefore cannot be dismissed as late material or as hearsay evidence. Critics not only admit this data, but were the first ones to recognize the early date.”[2]

Several of these early traditions are documented throughout the New Testament writings. It is important to note that these traditions date to the earliest church. For your consideration, I have attached a formulation (listing out key historical events), a hymn (a song relating theological information), and a confession (listing out a statement to be said in confessing a belief).

  1. Formulation in   1 Corinthians 15:3-8

In this formulation, perhaps one of the most important historical pre-NT traditions, Paul relates what he received when he first became a Christian and met with the apostles. This is what Paul records:

“For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received: that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the Scriptures, that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures, and that he appeared to Cephas, then to the twelve. Then he appeared to more than five hundred brothers at one time, most of whom are still alive, though some have fallen asleep. Then he appeared to James, then to all the apostles. Last of all, as to one untimely born, he appeared also to me.”[3]

In this formulation, one will note the emphasis placed upon Jesus’ crucifixion, resurrection, and resurrection appearances. This tradition provides HUGE historical support for resurrection claim.

2. Hymn: Philippians 2:6-11

In his letter to the Church of Philippi, Paul recounts an early hymn that predates his writing. This hymn records several important Christian beliefs pertaining to Christ.

“who, though he was in the form of God, did not count equality with God a thing to be grasped, but emptied himself, by taking the form of a servant, being born in the likeness of men. And being found in human form, he humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross. Therefore God has highly exalted him and bestowed on him the name that is above every name, so that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father” (Philippians 2:6-11).

Here again, one will find early testimony for the crucifixion of Christ and implicitly for the resurrection. Also of great importance is the early attribution of divinity that the church placed upon Jesus of Nazareth.

3. Confession:     Romans 10:9

To the Church of Rome, Paul provides an early confession that predates his writing. Paul notes that “If you confess with your mouth that Jesus is Lord and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved” (Romans 10:9). Paul’s confession notes, again, the death and resurrection of Jesus.

These early testimonies are so important that NT historian Michael Licona noted that “Paul and the oral traditions embedded throughout the New Testament literature provide our most promising material.”[4] Therefore, these traditions which number far more than the three listed are of extreme value to the historicity of Jesus of Nazareth.


So much information was compiled by Pastor Brian for the early testimony of Jesus that the article had to be broken into two sections. Next week, his examination of early testimony will continue as we take a look at the dating of the Gospels and the three earliest Epistles in the New Testament.

For my own writing’s sake, I just want to address one more thing  – although I am almost sure Pastor Brian will mention it. These early testimonies are EXTREMELY important when it comes to Muslim-Christian apologetics. There’s a myth surrounding the apostle Paul.

He is charged by the Muslims to have made Jesus into a God. The Gospels – according to Muslim apologists – never show Jesus as God (never mind Jesus saying He is the Son of Man of Daniel 7, or Jesus receiving worship by Thomas and not rebuking him, among other examples).

If someone is to blame, it has to be Paul. There’s an excellent debate here on who gives us the truth about Jesus – Paul or Muhammad?

But the datings of this early testimonies are extremely important. The book of Romans, for example, was written around A.D. 57. Phillipians was written around A.D. 62, and 1 Corinthians around A.D. 53-55. Why is this important? It is important because this means that the disciples of Jesus were alive when Paul wrote his letters to the different churches.

The Gospel of Matthew was written in the late 50s or early 60s. The Gospel of Mark – although not a disciple of Jesus, but a friend of Peter – was written in the late 50s. The Gospel of Luke was written by a physician (and Paul’s companion) sometime before A.D. 65. The Gospel of John was written between A.D. 70-100.

All the people associated with Jesus – the eyewitnesses – were still alive by the time Paul’s letters were in circulation. Galatians was written in A.D. 48. Colossians, Philemon and Ephesians were written around the same time of Phillipians – A.D. 62. Besides all this, the epistles mention the other apostles. Paul  knew Peter and James personally (Galatians 1).

If Paul was making all this stuff up, CERTAINLY the disciples would have said something. Don’t you think?

Jesus’ own brother James wrote his letter around A.D. 40-45 – way before Paul’s writings. And seriously, what did it take for James to accept that his half-brother was actually God in the flesh? James turned from being a skeptic to a leader in the church based on his meeting with the resurrected Christ.

My point is this: Paul did not make up the divinity of Jesus. Everybody who knew Jesus personally was still alive, and could have called Paul out on this, but they didn’t. Why? Because Paul was telling the truth even before the synoptic gospels were written.

Stay tuned for next week 🙂

 Bibliography for Complete Article

Albright, W. F. Recent Discoveries in Bible Lands. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1955.

Habermas, Gary. The Historical Jesus: Ancient Evidence for the Life of Christ. Joplin, MO: College Press, 1996.

Licona, Michael R. The Resurrection of Jesus: A New Historiographical Approach. Downers Grove; Nottingham, UK: IVP Academic; Apollos, 2010.

Richardson, Kurt A. James. The New American Commentary. Volume 36. Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1997.

Rydelnik, Michael, and Michael Vanlaningham, eds. The Moody Bible Commentary. Chicago: Moody Publishers, 2014.

Wallace, J. Warner. Cold-case Christianity: A Homicide Detective Investigates the Claims of the Gospels. Colorado Springs: David C. Cook, 2013.

Endnotes

[1] W. F. Albright, Recent Discoveries in Bible Lands (New York: Funk & Wagnalls Company, 1955), 136.

[2] Gary Habermas, The Historical Jesus: Ancient Evidence for the Life of Christ (Joplin, MO: College Press, 1996), 30.

[3] Unless otherwise noted, all Scripture comes from the English Standard Version (Wheaton: Crossway, 2001).

[4] Michael R. Licona, The Resurrection of Jesus: A New Historiographical Approach (Downers Grove; Nottingham, UK: IVP Academic; Apollos, 2010), 275.

first love

YOUR FIRST LOVE

I’m currently studying the Book of Revelation at Bible Study Fellowship (BSF). It is going great. It’s going to be some thirty-something weeks of deep learning into Scripture.

Some weeks ago, I was sharing with my group how “affected” I have been by Apologetics – I’ve described it as dating Jesus and marrying Jesus. When I became a Christian, everything was awesome. I was so on fire for God, and I spent so much of my time reading my Bible. Reading my Bible was all I did all day long – literally.

I’ve never worked because of my visa status, and I didn’t have children, so I had tons of time in my hands. Of course I’m not blaming India or Islam or any other thing that might have happened, but it is true that ignorance is bliss – for everything.

Studying apologetics has deepen my faith, but it also has challenged it. Actually, the challenge of studying apologetics is what has deepen my faith. It is really great. Do not get me wrong, apologetics is not bad at all. It’s awesome. Last year was very challenging, tough.

Circumstances changed for me, and the spark of my love for Christ was gone. At least the ‘feeling’. I remember crying and calling Jesus a liar. Oh my goodness… I am writing these things because I don’t want to forget how I felt. I want to remember. I want my children to remember with me. I never called Jesus any name – other than a cheater. I really thought He had lied to me, and that He was not my Savior.

I mourned for Him. I clearly remember telling Him that if He was not who the Bible portrayed Him to be, I seriously did not see any reason whatsoever to follow Him, or any other religion for that matter. I felt betrayed because I had reorganized my entire life – my whole worldview – based on His teachings. But if His teachings were a lie, then my life was just a show.

I knew Muslim apologists might argue that Jesus was a great prophet of Islam, so it would still be worth it to follow His great moral example. But while I called Him a cheater, I also didn’t find any other role model better than Him. So if not Jesus, then who? Who was I supposed to follow?


So Jesus said to the Twelve, ‘Do you want to go away as well?’  Simon Peter answered him, ‘Lord, to whom shall we go? You have the words of eternal life’


I am just glad Jesus never took to heart my  against Him. And even though that feeling of being born-again gets lost somehow, this week I felt amazed at how directly Jesus can still speak to me.

This is when I go WHOA because the Bible comes alive .


I [Jesus ] know your works, your toil and your patient endurance, and how you cannot bear with those who are evil, but have tested those who call themselves apostles and are not, and found them to be false. I know you are enduring patiently and bearing up for my name’s sake, and you have not grown weary. But I have this against you, that you have abandoned the love you had at first. Remember therefore from where you have fallen; repent, and do the works you did at first…

Revelation 2: 2-5


I felt comforted that Jesus has seen things that I have endured. It’s encouraging to know that He is with any one who endures hardships for His sake. And I also felt convicted, because even when the feeling is gone, Jesus doesn’t want the spark to be gone. He commands us to repent, and to come back to the love we had at first.

He wants me to love Him again like I used to 🙂

How does this look for everybody? I don’t know, but lately, I am trying to sing a lot. I remember that was one of the things that made me fall in love with Jesus. I used to sing. So today before going to my Bible Study, I listened to this song. It made me smile, and my attitude changed.

I just wanted to share the song with you. It might be corny, but it’s full of Truth 🙂

GREATER (Mercy Me)

Bring your tired, bring your shame, bring your guilt, bring your pain

Don’t you know that’s not your name, you will always be much more to Me

Everyday I wrestle with the voices that keep telling me I’m not right,

But that’s alright…

‘Cause I hear a voice and He calls me Redeemed

when others say I’ll never be enough

And greater is the One living inside of me than he who is living in the world

Bring your doubts, bring your fears, bring your hurt, bring your tears

There’ll be no condemnation here… You are Holy, Righteous and Redeemed

Every time I fall, there’ll be those who will call me a mistake. Well that’s ok…

There’ll be days I lose the battle, Grace says that it doesn’t matter

‘Cause the cross already won the war

I am learning to run freely, understanding just how He sees me

And it makes me love Him more and more

FAITH AND DOUBT – PART 3

Abdu Murray was Muslim – a very serious Muslim.  His story really impacted me last year. It impressed me that people were willing to go years looking for Truth. Why wouldn’t I do the same? It took Abdu nine years – nine years – to investigate the historical, philosophical, and scientific underpinnings of the major world religions and views. Abdu became Christian.

I was a Christian! Yet, here I was doubting. I have heard testimonies of people becoming Christians because the evidence for Christianity compelled them. What was that about? I just had to know. I was about to jump ship on Jesus. Being honest, I never had the conviction in my heart of Mohammad being a prophet. And all due respect to Islam, I don’t think there is anything new or anything kinder or gentler or more compassionate in Islam’s teachings than what I had already learned from Jesus.

If I almost left Christianity, it wasn’t because I thought Islam was true. I almost left Christianity because I didn’t know how to handle my doubts. Not knowing what the TRUTH was consumed me day and night.

In all equality, I also heard many testimonies of Christians becoming Muslims. You know what, tough? It was never the evidence for Islam what made these people accept Islam. They always left Christianity – at least the people I watched – because no one was able to answer their questions. They never understood The Trinity, or they were sick of the hypocrisy in the Christian world.

There are thousands of people who leave Islam and join Christianity and vice versa. I know the videos I watched are not representative of the whole picture. But for me, DOUBT was definitely important to deal with. I think it should be addressed when talking about Christian Faith.

If you are not a believer in anything, you deal with doubt all the time. But even Christians, we have doubts, too.  We doubt because of our circumstances, and I think that is a very human thing we do. God has answered my prayers many times. I have logs full of answered prayers. And last year in India, when I looked at them, I was almost cynical about it.

After eight years, I looked at those journals, and I doubted that those answers had actually come from God. Or maybe it had been God – but not Jesus. You have to understand where I am coming from. I was confronted with Islam on a regular basis, so almost all my doubts had to do with Jesus not answering my prayers. Or Jesus not being God. Or Jesus not claiming divinity. Or the New Testament being corrupted. Or Jesus not dying on the cross. I am talking Muslim-Christian apologetics.

So as I was listening to Rich Nathan’s series on Faith – Heroic Faith – I felt somehow able to breath. It was okay to have doubts. And I also heard Abdu’s podcast. Both were saying the same thing. They were talking about Richard Dawkins, and how blind faith is something Christians SHOULD NOT practice. They were also saying that Faith in something in the face of contradictory evidence, or even in the face of NO evidence at all, is absolutely UNBIBLICAL.

But the Faith encouraged in the Bible is the active action of TRUST based on evidence. We exercise this on a regular basis, we just don’t think about it anymore. We get on a car and we trust the brakes will work – because they have always worked. We trusted our lives on that car – because of previous evidence.

Cars don’t just explode on ignition and brakes don’t fail out of the blue. They might fail. Sure. Did I have CERTAINTY? No. I had Faith on that car because I have taken a ride for thousands of times, and it has never exploded. I trusted the evidence I had available.

WHAT IS DOUBT?

Doubt is NOT a dirty word. According to Murray, there are a lot of solid followers of Jesus who have doubts. Doubt is not a bad thing if it drives you to sincere search. In the Bible, Jesus never says not to question Him. Actually, Hebrews 11:6 teaches that God rewards those who earnestly seek Him. Jesus helped those who sincerely confessed their unbelief to Him. He never drew them away.

Murray encourages asking questions, and he sees that this is a challenge that the Church is facing. Some people have doubts, but they never ask questions mainly because doubt is often seen as a bad thing. When a teenager asks a question, Murray says, sometimes he doesn’t ask his parents. And it is not because the question doesn’t have an answer, but because of the parents’ unwillingness to be questioned about it. Or sometimes, the parents themselves do not know the answer.

Inquisitive minds sometimes cannot settle for “The Bible says it. I believe it, and that settles it for me”. So it was refreshing for me to know that asking the tough questions was perfectly fine.

My heart was set on really finding God so I had peace about it. Sincerity is proven by our willingness to be proven wrong.  I was well aware that The Gospel could be false, but it could also be true. Sincerity is determined by our willingness to go where the evidence points. I had to be willing to accept that to say that all religious traditions believe basically the same thing, or that to say that our differences don’t matter was insulting for those faiths and for me.

If I agreed to say that all paths lead ultimately to God, what I was really saying was that my choices don’t really matter. But real choice emerges only when the options have consequences. Faith in Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior is a choice.


I wish I had your faith. You seem to have a peace about you, a confidence regarding the future. You don’t worry the way I do about everything. I wish I had your faith. But I really struggle with faith. I have lots of doubts. I still have lots of questions about God or about Christianity…

What does Faith feel like?


I was so sure about many things, and then I wasn’t sure about anything. Rich Nathan, tough, continued in the series saying that most folks believe that Faith is something you either have or your don’t have.

But in Hebrews 11:23-28, we find that Faith is a choice. It is a decision regarding how we’re going to look at life based on the clues that God has given us. Again, Faith is based on the evidence. Moses chose to be mistreated. People saw things at a distance. Faith feels like a choice to see and not look away. Faith and Truth are more than a feeling.

So it is okay to doubt… I was happy about this. I seriously was. Doubting did not mean I did not have Faith. My Faith was based on the exercise of my will. My choice.

And I was in good company. Jesus’ followers where doubters all the way until the Resurrection. They didn’t even know who He really was. And that is something that skeptics seem to dislike about Jesus’ disciples. They render as shameful the fact that Jesus’ closest friends did not really understand Jesus’ purpose. For a historian, however, that is called Principle of Embarrassment. It is very likely that an event who might embarrass the author is true. So the eyewitnesses writing these gospels were very likely telling the truth.

John The Baptist was a doubter himself. When he was in jail, he sent his disciples to ask Jesus if He was the Messiah. John was thinking maybe he had the wrong guy. And this is John the Baptist. The one who was prophesied by Isaiah about making straight paths for the Lord. This is John, the one who leapt in his mother’s womb when Elizabeth found out that Mary was pregnant. This John is doubting whether or not Jesus is the Expected One.

And what did Jesus do? He NEVER calls John out on his doubts. Jesus actually heals more people right there in front of John’s disciples. He gives them more evidence so that they can go and tell John!


John the Baptist sent us to you to ask, ‘Are you the one who is to come, or should we expect someone else?’ In that hour He [Jesus] healed many people of diseases and plagues and evil spirits, and on many who were blind he bestowed sight. And He [Jesus] answered them, ‘Go and tell John what you have seen and heard: the blind receive their sight, the lame walk, lepers are cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, the poor have good news preached to them. And blessed is the one who is not offended by me.

Luke 7:21-23


That was Jesus’ gentle answer. He eased John’s doubts.

Every one of us has different doubts. When we ask God with a sincere heart, He will always guide us. So as followers of Jesus, we deal with doubt by asking sincere questions. But the attitude in our hearts when we ask those questions is also very important.

Why are we asking? Do we really want answers or are we asking just for kicks? Last year, there came a time when I was just so used to question Islam and Christianity that I kind of became a cynic. I began questioning just for the sake of questioning. I was praying, and my prayers were being answered during my season of doubting.

But as soon as my prayers were answered, I kept on questioning whether or not it had only been a coincidence. I was almost demanding God to perform for me. I knew I had to stop. I repented from my cynical approach, and I made a choice based on the evidence I had recollected for and against Christianity during my year in India.

My Faith is stronger. My Faith is very well placed. I am so thankful that my God never let go of me during those difficult times. I am thankful for my Savior who died for me. I am thankful that the information was available to me because it helped me recommit my life to Christ. I want to make the information available to people who might need it 🙂


Who is the King of the Jungle? Who is the King of the Sea? Who is the King of the Planets? J-E-S-U-S!

– My sweet daughter


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